Environmental Engineer:
Applied Research and Practice

Mitigation of Ozone-Induced Bromate by Carbon Dioxide and Chlorine/Ammonia Processes

Authors: David Eberle, Zaid Chowdhury, Laurel Passantino, and Steve Bontrager

Abstract

Mitigation of ozone-induced bromate by carbon dioxide and chlorine/ammonia processes was studied at the Greenway Water Treatment Plant located in Peoria, AZ. Plant scale and bench-scale testing were performed to assess practicality and to determine the influence of source water on bromate formation, especially with respect to bromide concentrations. Results indicated that both of the approaches were able to reduce bromate yield by 35 percent or more depending on the raw water quality. Mitigation effectiveness depended on the ozone/TOC dosage, and at an O3/TOC ratio of 1.0 mg/mg, neither process was expected to reduce bromate formation below 8 μg/L on a consistent basis. Carbon dioxide addition appeared to perform slightly more consistently compared to the chlorine/ammonia process. However, based on other economic, social, and environmental considerations not discussed in this paper, the chlorine/ammonia process appeared to be the best alternative to mitigate bromate formation in order to allow higher ozone dosages and thereby enhance taste, odor, and TOC removal.

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